Будущее капитализма

5. Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1996 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1995), p. 115.

6. Newt Gingrich, Contract with America (New York: Times Books, 1994); New Repub-Kc, March 25, 1995, p. 21.

7. Robert W. Tucker and David С. He ndrickson, The Imperial Temptation: The New World Order and America's Purpose (New York: Council on Foreign Relations), 1992.

8. Samuel Brittan, «Time to Bury Those League Tables,» Financial Times, May 25, 1995, p. 10.

9. Steven Brull, International Herald Tribune, March 8, 1995, p. 1.

10. «Japan's GDP Rivals That of the U. S.,» International Herald Tribune, May 10, 1995, p. 19.

11. Charles Wolf, Jr., «The Fine Art of the False Alarm,» Wall Street Journal, November 1, 1994, p. A20; World Bank, World Tables 1994 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994).

12. «Russians Don't Like Dead in Chechen on TV,» International Herald Tribune, December 22, 1994, p. 6.

13. Russell Watson, «Russia's TV War,» Newsweek, February 6, 1995, p. 8.

14. DRI/McGraw-НШ, Review of the U. S. Economy, p. 87.

15. «OECD Chides the U. S. Over Foreign Aid Cuts,» International Herald Tribune, March 8, 1995, p. 2.

16. Johsen Takanashi, «Dollar Being Eclipsed as Global Standard,» Nikkei Weekly, June 5, 1995, p. 6.

17. Economic Report of the President 1995 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office), pp. 278, 279.

18. International Monetary Fund, International Trade Policies: The Uruguay Round and Beyond, Vols. I, II, Washington, 1994.

19. David Halberstam, The Next Century (New York: Morrow, 1991), p. 52.

20. «U. S. House Votes to Cut UN Peacekeeping Funds,» The Japan Times, February 18, 1995, p. 2.

21. «House Votes to Curb Role in UN,» International Herald Tribune, February 17, 1995, p. 1.

22. Gingricn, Contract withAmerica, p. 17. 23.Ibid.

24. Цит. по: Richard L. Berke, "Pat Buchanan Is Driving the «96 Race Rightward,» Internatio nal Herald Tribune, May 31, 1995, p. 1.

25. Michael Dobbs, «NATO Expansion Popular But Don't Look at the Price,» International Herald Tribune, July 8, 1995, p. 1.

26. Clyde Haberman, «Israel Warns U. S. Not to Cut Aid to Nations in Peace Talks,» New York Times, March 4, 1995, p. 4.

27. Michel Albert, Capitalism Against Capitalism (London: Whurr Publishers, 1993), p. 35.

28. Tan Kirn Song, «Money Market Chaos a Threat to APEC's Aims,» The Sunday Straits Times, April 16, 1995, p. 1.

29. Laura Keeton, «Legal Beat: More Legal Aliens Seeking Citizenship to Keep Benefits,» Wall Street Journal, March 6, 1995, p. Bl.

30. Jerry Gray, «Budget Axes Land on Items Big and Small,» New York Times, February 28, 1995, p. A14.

31. «Mexico Crisis and Stable Rates Cause Dollar Malaise,» International Herald Tribune, February 17, 1995, p. 11.

32. Anthony Robinson, «Warning on 'Malady' of Weak Leadership,» Financial Times, May 4, 1995, p. 4.

33. Steve Farka, Mixed Messages: A Survey of Foreign Policy Views of American Leaders (Washington, D. C.: Public Agenda Foundation, 1995), p. 28.

34. Цит. по: Craig Lambert, «Leadership in a New Key,» Harvard Magazine, March/ April 1995, p. 31.

35. Ibid.

36. Major Garrett, «Beyond the Contract,» Mother Jones, March/April 1995, p. 54.

37. Newt Gingrich, «Only America Can Lead,» New Perspectives Quarterly, Spring 1995, p. 4.

1. International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, Washington, D. C., ежегодники за различные годы; Stuart Holland, Toward a New Bretton Woods (Nottingham, U. K.: Russel Press, 1994), p. 10; Council of Economic Advisers, Economic Report of the President 7995 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office), p. 403.

2. Sylvia Nasar, «More Men in Prime of Life Spend Less Time Working,» New York Times, December 1, 1994, p. 1.

3. Robert D. Hershey, Jr., «Survey Finds б Million, Fewer Than Thought, in Impermanent Jobs,» New Yo rk Times, August 19, 1995, p. 31.

4. Polly Callaghan and Heidi Hartmann, Contingent Work (Washington, D. C.: Economic Policy Institute, 1991), p. 2.

5. Lenore Schiff, «Why Inflation Will Keep Falling,» Fortune, October 2, 1995, p. 60.

6. George J. Borjas, «The Economics of Migration,» Journal of Economic Literature, December 1994, p. 1668.

7. Nicholas Fiore, «Carpenter Technology,» report at Conference on Leveraging Taiwanese Resources, МГГ-ЕРОСН Foundation, October 12-14, 1995, Taip ei.

8. Economic Policy Institute, Declining American Incomes and Living Standards, 1994.

9. Craig R. Whitney, «West European Companies Head East for Cheap Labor,» New York Times, February 9, 1995, p. Dl.

10. Richard J. Murnane, John B. Willet, and Frank Lew, «The Growing Importance of Cognitive Skills in Wage Determination,» Review of Economics and Statistics, May 1995, p. 258.

11. Neal Templin, «Dr. Goodwrench, Auto Plants Are Demanding Higher Skilled Labor,» Wall Street Journal, March 11, 1994, p, 1.

12. U. S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business (Washington, D, C.:

U. S. Government Printing Office, 1994), pp. 82, 84. 13 Paul Krugman, Peddling Prosperity (New York: W. W. Norton, 1994), p. 231.

14. Eli Berman, John Bound, and Svi Griliches, «Changes in the Demand for Skilled Labor in U. S. Manufacturing,» Quarterly Journal of Economics, May 1994, p. 367.

15. Robert Z. Lawrence and Matthew J. Slaughter, «Trade and U.S. Wages: Great Sucking Sound or Small Hiccup?» Micro-BPEA Meetings, Washington, D. C., June 1993; Paul Krugman and Robert Lawrence, Trade, Jobs, and Wages, MIT Working Paper, 1994.

16. George J. Borjas and Valerie A. Ramey, «Time Series Evidence on the Sources of Trends in Wage Inequality,» AEA Papers and Proceedings, May 1994, p. 10.

17. Farhad Rassekh, «The Role of International Trade in the Convergence of Per Capita GDP in the OECD, 1950-1980,» International Economics Journal, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Winter 1992), p. 1; Manouchehr Mokhtari and Farhad Rassekh, «The Tendency Toward Factor Price Equalization Among OECD Countries,» Review of Economics and Statistics, November 1989, p 636; Dan Ben-David, «Equalizing Exchange, Trade, Liberalization and Convergence,» Quarterly Journal of Economics, August 1993, p. 653; Ana L. Revenga, «Exporting Jobs,» Quarterly Journal of Economics, February 1992, p. 255; David L. Dollar and Edward N. Woffi, «Convergence of In dustrial Labor Productivity Among Advanced Economies, 1963-1982,» Review of Economics and Statistics, November 1988, p. 549.

18. Jeffrey D. Sachs and Howard J. Shatz, Trade and Jobs in U. S. Manufacturing, Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, No. 1, 1994, p. 1.

19. Derek Bok, The Cost of Talent (New York: Free Press, 1993), p. 223.

20. Ibid,

21. Rassekh, «The Role of International Trade,» p. 1.

22. Economic Report of the President 1995, p. 279.

23. Economic Policy Institute, Declining American Incomes and Living Standards (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 12.

24. Laura D'Andrea Tyson, William T, Dickens, and John Zysman, The Dynamics of Trade and Employment (Cambridge, Mass.: Ballinger, 1988), p. 102.

25. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Current Population Reports, Consumer Income, Series P-60 (Washington, D. C.: U. S, Government Printing Office, 1973, 1993), pp. 119, 144.

26. Robert H. Topel, «Regional Labor Markets and the Determination of Wage Inequality,» American Economic Review, May 1994, p. 17.

27. Harold Lydall, A Theory of Income Distnbution (Oxford, U. K.: Clarendon Press, 1979).

28. Lester C. Thurow, Generating Inequality (New York: Basic Books, 1974).

29. Michael Sattinger, «Assignment Models of the Distribution of Earnings,» Journal of Economic Literature, June 1993, p. 833.

30. Thurow, Generating Inequality.

31. Ibid.

32. Robert H. Frank, «Talent and the Winner-Take-All Society,» American Prospect, Spring 1994, p. 99.

33. Robert Taylor, «Decline in Worker Organization,» Financial Times, June 2, 1995, p. 8.

34. «Trade Unions: Adapt or Die,» The Economist, July 1, 1995, p. 60.

35. George J. Borjas and Valerie A. Ramey, Foreign Competition, Market Power and Wage Inequality: Theory and Evidence, Working Paper No. 4556 NBER, December

1993; Lawrence M. Kahn and Michael Curme, «Unions and Nonunion Wage Dispersion,» Review of Economics and Statistics, November 1987, p. 600.

36. Economic Policy Institute, Paying the Toll (Washington, D. C., 1994), p. 1.

37. «Nothing Could Be Finer,» The Economist, November 19, 1994, p. 77.

38. Ibid.

39. Economic Policy Institute, Paying the Toll, p. 1.

1. Jeffrey С. Fuhrer, ed., Goals, Guidelines, and Constraints Facing Monetary Policy-makers (Boston: Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, June 1994).

2. Robert Hershey, Jr., «Federal Reserve Raises Its Rates 7th Time in a Year,» New York Times, February 2, 1995, p. 1.

3. «Economy Expanded As Inflation Fell,» New York Times, October 23, 1995, p. 34.

4. Louis Uchitelle, «Labor Costs Show Small Increase,» New York Times, January 2, 1995, p. Dl; «Core U. S. Inflation Lowest Since 1965,» International Herald Tribune, January 12, 1995, p. 5; «OECD: No Inflation Problem Seen in 1995,» International Herald Tribune, December 21, 1994, p. 1.

5. Joshua Ogawa, «Wholesale Prices Estimated to Have Kept Falling,» Nikkei Weekly, June 12, 1995, p. 3.

6. Robert D. Herse, Jr., «Statistics Never Lie, but They Increasingly Mislead in America,» International Herald Tribune, January 17, 1995, p. 17.

7. Mark K. Sherwood, «Difficulties in the Measurement of Service Outputs,» Monthly Labor Review, March 1994, p. 1.

8. «Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Deficit?» The Economist, September 30, 1995, p.

9. Zvi Griliches, «Productivity R amp;D, and the Data Constraint,» American Economic Review, March 1994, p. 1.

10. James Aley, «Medical Inflation Lives,» Fortune, March 20, 1995, p. 24.

11. Robert Barro, in The Bank of England's Quarterly Bulletin; цит. по: «The Costs of Inflation,» The Economist, May 13, 1995, p. 90.

12. Samuel Brittan, «Elusive Case for Stable Prices,» Financial Times, May 18, 1995 p. 9.

13. Samuel Brittan, The Role and Limits of Government (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983), p. 113.

14. «What's Happening to Inflation?» The Economist, September 16, 1995, p. 85.

15. Lenore Schiff, «Why Inflation Will Keep Falling,» Fortune, October 2, 1995, p. 59.

16. Jeff Faux, «A National Embarrassment,» Challenge, January-February 1995, p. 6.

17. Ibid., p. 11.

18. Stephen S. Roach, The Next Leg of Disinflation, Morgan Stanley Special Economic Study, June 1994.

19. Anne Romanis Braun, Wage Determination and Income Policy in Open Economies (Washington, D. C.: International Monetary Fund, 1986), p. 100.

20. John Kenneth Galbraith, The Great Crash of 1929 (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1954; reprint, 1988), p. 184; U. S. Department of Commerce, Long Term Economic Growth 1860-1970 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1973), p. 222.

21. Louis Uchitelle, «Manufacturers Challenge Economic Policy,» New York Times, September 24, 1995, p. 38.

22. Robert Heilbroner and William Milberg, The Crisis of Vision in Modem Economic Thought (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995), p. 120.

23. OECD, Quarterly National Accounts, No. 2, Paris, 1995, p. 145.

1. Deizai Koho Center, Japan 1995: An International Comparison (Tokyo: 1995), pp. 34, 35; U. S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business, December 1993, pp 71, 72.

2. U. S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business, pp. 38, 42.

3. Richard Holt, The Reluctant Superpower (New York: Kodansha International, 1995), p. 246; «Stock Market Indexes,» Asian Wall Street Journal, January 1, 1990, p. 18; August 24, 1992, p. 22.

4. Nikko Research Center, The Nikko Chartroom (Tokyo: July 1995), p. 8; «Japanese Property Crumbling,» The Economist, July 8, 1995, p. 83; «Slow Crisis in Japan,» Financial Times, July 1, 1995, p. 8.

5. «Japanese Property Crumbling,» p. 83; Akira Ikeya, «Falling Land Prices Spur Call for Tax Reform,» Nifcfcei Weekly, August 28, 1995, p. 2; Sheryl WuDunn, «Erosion in Japan's Foundation,» New York Times, October 4, 1995, p. Dl.

6. Robert E. Scott, «A Trade Strategy for the 21st Century,» in T. Schafer, ed., Foundations for a New Century (Washington, D. C.: Economic Policy Institute, M. E. Sharpe, forthcoming), p. 2.

7. Car and Driver: The Catalog, Japan ed., Buyers Guide (Tokyo: Diamond, 1995), p. 17.

8. «OK Mickey, Let's Say You Won,» The Economist, July 1, 1995, pp. 65-66.

9. Ibid., p. 75.

10. Guy de Jonquieres, «Japanese Quietly Celebrate World Trade Victory,» Financial

Times, March 20, 1995, p. 4.

11. Gerard Barker, «Driven Off the Oriental Highway: Japan Is Crowing over Its Victory in the U. S. Car Clash,» Financial Times, July 2, 1995, p. 9.

12. Steven Brull, «Another Seoul Pothole for Automakers,» International Herald Tribune, August 20, 1994, p. 7.

13. Sheryl WuDunn, «Protectionism Without Quotas,» International Herald Tribune. March 21, 1995, p. 17.

14. Clay Chandler, «Kodak Strives for Japan Exposure,» International Herald Tribune, June 27, 1995, p. 17.

15. «Top 300 Foreign Owned Companies in Japan, 1990,» Tokyo Business Today, August 1991, p. 54.

16. William Dawkins, «Pressure on Japanese Rates as GDP Falls,» Financial Times, March 19, 1995, p. 3.

17. «Industrial Growth,» The Economist, September 16, 1995, p. 122.

18. Mihoko Ida, «For Savers, Lower Interest Rates Not Enriching,» Nikkei Weekly, September 18, 1995.

19. «Borrowing,» The Economist, October 28, 1995, p. 123.

20. The Japan Research Institute Economics Department, «Escaping the Deflationary Spiral,» Japan Research Quarterly, Autumn 1995, p. 35.

21. Seymour Martin Lipset, «Pacific Divide: American Exceptionalism – Japanese Uniqueness,» /ntemotiona/ Journal of Public Opinion, Vol. 5, No. 2 (Spring, 1994), p. 121.

22. Economic Report of the President 1995, p. 402.

23. Richard Covington, «Ignoring Copyright Pact, China Reopens Factories That Pirated U. S. CDs,» International Herald Tribune, June 2, 1995, p. 1; «That Damned Dollar,» The Economist, February 25, 1995, p. 17.

1. Daniel Yergin, The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1991), pp. 615-17.

2. Council of Economic Advisers, Economic Report of the President 1995 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office), pp. 358, 366.

3. Benjamin C. Schwarz, «Is Capitalism Doomed?» New York Times, May 23 1994 pp. 1, 15.

4. Economic Report of the President 1995, pp. 401, 403.

5. «Economic and Financial Indicators,» The Economist, June 5, 1993, p. 131.

6. «Slow Growth Seen for '88,» Pensions and Investment Age, Vol. 15 (December 28 1987), pp. 3, 46.

7. Robert L. Heilbroner, Behind the Veil of Economics (New York W W Norton 1988) p. 29.

8. Morris Goldstem et al., International Capital Markets, International Monetary Fund, Washington, D. C., April 1993, p. 4; «A Survey of The World Economy,» The Economist, October 7, 1995, p. 10.

9. Saul Hansell, «The Collapse of Barings: For Rogue Traders Yet Another Victim,» New York Times, February 28, 1995, p. Dl.

10. «Gone Dutch,» The Economist, March 11, 1995, p. 83.

11. Peter Clark et al., Exchange Rates and Economic Fundamentals, International Monetary Fund, December 1994.

12. Ibid., p. 401.

13. DRI/McGraw-Hill, Impact of the Peso Crisis, February 1995, p. 1.

14. «After Mexico, Who's Next?» Fortune, March 6, 1995, p. 14.

15. «Suerging Europe,» The Economist, March 18, 1995, p. 78.

16. «Symposium: The Changing Structure of Mexico,» Challenge, March/April 1995 pp. 12-63.

17. R. Dornbusch and A. Wemer, Mexico: Stabilization, Reform, and No Growth, The World Economic Laboratory, MIT Working Paper No. 94-08, 1994; «Survey Mexico – Another Day, Another Dive,» The Economist, October 28, 1995, p. 6.

18. Geri Smith and Stephen Baker, «The Fall of Carlos Salinas,» Business Week March 27, 1995, p. 52.

19. Anthony DePalma, «Turmoil Grips Mexico over Shock Plan for Economy,» International Herald Tribune, March 13, 1995, p. 1.

20. «Mexican Package Gets Short Shrift,» Financial Times, February 23, 1995, p. 6.

21. David E. Sanger, «Mexico Is Facing New Restrictions to Get U. S. Help,» New York Times, February 20, 1995, p. 1; David E. Sanger, «Peso Rescue Sets New Limits on Mexico,» New York Times, February 22, 1995, p. 1.

22. Lawrence Malkin, «Trade Deficit Expands as Mexico Crisis Takes Its Toll,» International Herald Tribune, March 13, 1995, p. 1.

23. Leslie Crawford, «Inflation in Mexico Accelerated in March,» Financial Times March 25, 1995, p. 4.

24. Harry Hurt III, «It's Time to Get Real About Mexico,» Fortune, September 4 1995 p. 99.

25. A. M. Rosenthal, «Cover-up Chronology,» New York Times, April 4, 1995, p. A25.

26. «Of Politics, Pensions, and Piggy Banks,» The Economist, July 1, 1995 p 82

27. Ibid.

28. DePalma, «Turmoil Grips Mexico,» p. 6; Leslie Crawford, «Anger on the Streets As Mexico Swallows the Economic Medicine,» Financial Times, March 11, 1995, p. 4.

29. Douglas Farah, «First the Peso, Then the Mexican Dream,» International Herald Tribune, March 18, 1995, p. 1.

30. Anthony DePalma, «After the Fall: Two Faces of Mexico's Economy,» New York Times, July 16, 1995, p. Fl.

31. «Sorry, Gringos,» The Economist, August 26, 1995, p. 65.

32. Ibid.

33. Leslie Crawford, «Mexico's Vigil of Woe,» Financial Times, June 2, 1995, p. 12.

34. «Mexico Crisis and Stable Rates Cause Dollar Malaise,» International Herald Tnb-une, February 17, 1995, p. 11.

35. International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics Yearbook, 1994, Washington, D. C., 1995, p. 23.

36. Michael Mussa et al., Improving the International Monetary System (Washington, D. C.: International Monetary Fund, 1994).

1 . Adrian H. Bredero, Christendom and Christianity in the Middle Ages, trans. by Re-inder Bruinsma (Grand Rapids, Mich.: William B. Eerdmans, 1986), pp. 358-369; Jonathan Sumption, Pilgrimages (New Jersey: Rowman and Littlefield, 1975), pp. 270-279.

2 . Karl E. Meyer, «Editorial Notebook: The Roots of Bosnia's Anguish,» New York Times, February 28, 1993, sec. 4, p. 14.

3 . «Time to Help Algeria,» The Economist, February 18, 1995, p. 13.

4 . Serge Schmemarm, «Police Say Rabin Killer Led Sect That Also Targeted Palestinians,» New York Times, November 11, 1995, p. 1; John Kifner, «Zeal of Rabin's Assassin Springs from Rabbis of Religious Right,» New York Times, November 12, 1995, p. 1.

5 . Nicholas D. Kristof, «New Chemical Cache Spreads Fear,» International Herald Tribune, March 25-26, 1995, p. 1.

6 . Tom Kuntz, «From Thought to Deed: In the Mind of a Killer Who Says He Served God,» New York Times, September 24, 1995, p. E7.

7 . Jack Lessenberry, «Michigan Group United by Guns, Anger,» Boston Globe, April 22, 1995, p. 1.

8 . John Kifner, «Despite Oklahoma Charges, the Case is Far from Closed,» New York Times, August 12, 1995, pp. 1, 24.

9 . Gustav Niebuhr, «A Vision of Apocalypse: The Religion of the Far Right,» New York Times, May 22, 1995, p. A8.

10 . Gustav Niebuhr, «Assault on Waco Sect Fuels Extremists' Rage,» New York Times, April 26, 1995, p. A12.

11 . Bruce Hoffman, «In America, Too, Violence All the Worse for Its Religious Pretenses,» International Herald Tribune, April 27, 1995, p. 8.

12 . William Pfaff, «No Excusing Those Who Brook the Reverend's Nonsense,» International Herald Tribune, March 11, 1995, p. 6.

13 . Frank Rich, «Gingrich Family Values,» New York Times, May 14, 1995, p. E15.

14 . «The Tablets of Ralph,» The Economist, May 20, 1995, p. 60.

15 . «The Counter-attack of God,» The Economist, July 8, 1995, p. 25.

16 . Tom Nairn, «Internationalism and the Second Coming,» Reconstructing Nations and States, special issue of Daedalus, Summer 1993, p. 168.