Будущее капитализма

120. Audren Choi, «Daimler Benz Looks to Flee German Woes,» Asian Wall Street Journal, March 13, 1995, pp. 1, 2.

121. «Dark Days,» The Economist, October 9, 1993, p. 59.

122. «Nothing Could Be Finer,» The Economist, November 19, 1994, p. 77.

123. «Herr Lazarus,» The Economist, March 18, 1995, p. 68.

124. «Labour Costs,» The Economist, May 27, 1995, p. 110.

125. Ariane Benillard, «Cost Savings of Relocation Lure German Companies,» Financial Times, November 9, 1993, p. 1.

126. «New Law Allows Private Employment Agencies,» This Week in Germany, April 22, 1994, p. 4.

127. «Low Pay Forces Desperate 1 Million to Take Second Jobs,» Guardian, October 24, 1994, p. 4.

128. Takeuchi Hiroshi, «Reforming Management,» Journal of Japanese Trade and Industry, No. 2, 1994, p. 12; «Japan: One in Ten?» The Economist, July 1, 1995, p. 52.

129. «Inequality,» The Economist, November 4, 1994, p. 19.

130. «Shoot Out at the Check Out,» The Economist, June 5, 1993, p. 81.

131. Ed Bark, «CBS Is Joining the TV Youth Movement,» Dallas Morning News, p. Cl.

1. «Oil,» The Economist, July 15, 1995, p. 88.

2. Clyde Prestowitz, «Good but Not Good Enough,» World Link, March/April 1994, p. 31.

3. Kenneth Gooding, «Metals Analysts Expect Fall in Russian Nickel Exports,» Financial Times, May 2, 1995, p. 23.

4. Adi Ignatius, «Former U. S. Executives Advise Russians How to Convert Military Factories,» Wall Street Journal, June 26, 1992, p. D7.

5. Jenny Luesby, Mikki L. Tail, and Chrystia Freeland, «Australia Furious' at Soaring CIS Wool Exports,» Financial Times, August 24, 1995, p. 5.

6. Craig R. Whitney, «West European Companies Head East for Cheap Labor,» New York Times, February 9, 1995, p. Dl.

7. «Making Shoes in Brazil,» The Economist, June 24, 1995, p. 61.

8. Richard Eckaus, The Metamorphosis of Giants: China and India in Transition, MIT Working Paper, March 1994.

9. «Statistics Cheats Disrupt China's Economic Plans,» South China Morning Business Post, August 18, 1994, p. 1.

10. «China: Not So Miraculous?» The Economist, May 27, 1995, p. 63.

11. «Survey: China,» The Economist, March 18, 1995, p. 9.

12. Paul R. Gregory and Robert C. Stuart, Sow'et Economic Structure and Performance (New York: Harper and Row, 1990], p. 356.

13. «Survey: Russia's Emerging Market,» The Economist, April 8, 1995, p. 4.

14. «Rural Discontent Sparks Alarm,» South China Morning Post, February 13, 1995, p. 1; «Survey: China,» The Economist, March 18, 1995, p. 23.

15. United Nations, Statistical Yearbook for Asia and the Pacific (New York, 1993), pp. 86, 150.

16. «Fund Reviews China's Economy, It's Big,» New York Times, May 10, 1993, p. 1.

17. John Gittings, «Chinese Whispers in a Vacuum,» Guardian, February 3, 1995, p. 26.

18. John D. Friske, Chinese Facts and Figures Annual Handbook, Vol. 18 (Beijmg: Academic International Press, 1994), p. 114.

19. Alice H. Amsden, Jacek Kochanowicz, and Lance Taylor, The Market Meets Its Match: Restructuring the Economies of Eastern Europe (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994).

20. Michael W. Bell, Hoe E. E. Khor, and Kalpana Kochhar, China at the Threshold of a Market Economy, International Monetary Fund Report No. 107, September 1993, p. 16.

21. Ibid., p. 58.

22. Michael Specter, «Russia's Fall Grain Harvest Seen as the Worst in 30 Years,» New York Times, October 10, 1995, p. A10.

23. Wanda Tseng et al., Economic Reform in China, International Monetary Fund Report No. 114, November 1994.

24. Dun's Asia/Pacific Key Business Enterprises, 1993/94 (Sydney, Australia: Dun and Bradstreet Information Series, 1994), p. 223.

25. Jeffrey D. Sachs, Reforms in Eastern Europe and the Former Soviet Union in Light of East Asian Experience (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Institute for Economic Development, 1995), p. 44.

26. Платежные ведомости из архивов компании «Форд Моторз».

27. «USSR,» The Economist, July 13, 1991, p. 110.

28. John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory (London: Macmfflan amp; Co., 1936), p. 383.

29. «A Survey of Vietnam,» The Economist, July 8, 1995, p. 4.

30. Keith Bradsher, «Skilled Workers Watch Their Jobs Migrate Overseas,» New York Times, August 28, 1995, p. 1. 31. Andrew Stark, «Adieu, Liberal Nationalism,» New York Times, November 2, 1995, p. A27.

1. Paul A. Samuelson and William D. Nordhaus, Economics (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1989), pp. 901-910.

2. Этот перечень был прислан мне одним из читателей моей книги "Head to Head-(New York: Morrow, 1992) и предположительно был опубликован в «Уолл-стрит джорнэл» на рубеже веков, но я не смог разыскать точную цитату.

3. В. R. Mitchell, British Historical Statistics (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1933), pp. 104, 253.

4. Alfred D. Chandler, Jr., Scale and Scope: The Dynamics of Industrial Capitalism (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990), pp. 638-43.

5. Lester C. Thurow, Head to Head (New York: Morrow, 1992), p. 204.

6. Ibid., p. 45.

7. Eduardo Borenstein et al., The Behavior of Non-Oil Commodity Prices, International Monetary Fund, August 1994, p. 1; International Monetary Fund, Primary Commodities: Market Development and Outlook, July 1990, p. 26.

8. Профессор Боскин отрицает, что он когда-либо делал такое замечание, но оно войдет в историю как его самая знаменитая фраза независимо от того, произносил он ее в действительности или нет.

9. U. S. Department of Labor, Employment and Earnings, March 1993, pp. 93, 99.

10. Lawrence F. Katz and Lawrence H. Summers, Rents: Evidence and Implications, Brookings Economic Papers, Microeconomics 1989, pp. 209, 220.

11. Fortune, The Fortune 500, April 19, 1993, p. 254.

12. «Put Away Childish Things,» The Economist, July 8, 1995, p. 14; «Survey: The European Union,» The Economist, October 22, 1994, p. 1.

13. Brent Schlender, «Why Andy Grove Can't Stop,» Fortune, July 10, 1995, pp. 90, 94.

14. Lawrence M. Fisher, «Microsoft Net Is Stronger Than Expected,» New York Times, July 18, 1995, p. D4; Michael A. Cusumano and Richard W. Selby, Microsoft Secrets (New York: Free Press, 1995).

15. «Oh What a Difference a Day Makes,» Fortune, September 4, 1995, p. 21.

16. Office of Technological Assessment of U. S. Congress, Multinationals and the National Interest, 103d Congress, Washington, D. C., p. 2.

17. John Holusha, «First to College, Then the Mill,» New York Times, August 22, 1995, p. Dl.

18. William L. OTJeffl, American High: The Years of Confidence, 1945-1960 (New York: Free Press, 1986), pp. 9-10.

19. Peter Applebome, «Study Ties Educational Gains to More Productivity Growth,» New York Times, May 14, 1995, p. Y13.

20. JoAnne Yates, Control Through Communications (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989).

21. John Koomey, Report for the Department of Energy on Usage of Computers (draft).

22. Daniel Yankelovich, «How Changes in the Economy Are Reshaping American Values,» Values and Public Policy, ed. Henry J. Aaron, Thomas E. Mann, and Timothy Taylor (Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution, 1994), p. 46.

23. National Issues Forum, Kids Who Commit Crimes (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994), p. 24.

24. Ibid., p. 26.

25. Suzanne Hamlin, «Time Flies, but Where Does It Go,» New York Times, September 6, 1995, p. Cl.

26. Elizabeth Kolbert, «Television Gets Closer Look as a Factor in Real Violence,» New York Times, December 14, 1994, pp. 1, D20.

27. Ruben Cataneda, «Homicides in D. C. Fall,» Washington Post, March 30, 1995, p. Bl.

28. Fox Butterfield, «Many Cities in U. S. Show Sharp Drop in Homicide Rate,» New York Times, August 13, 1995, p. 1.

29. Martin F. Nolan, «California Sees Prisons Filling As Colleges Decline,» Boston Globe, August 28, 1995, p. 3.

30. «Republic of the Image,» New Perspectives Quarterly, Summer 1994, p. 25.

31. Richard Bernstein, «'Jefferson' Turning Rumor into Movie Fact,» International Herald Tribune, April 13, 1995, p. 20.

32. Bernard Weinraub, «Dole Sharpens Assault on Hollywood,» International Herald Tribune, June 2, 1995, p. 3.

33. Robert H. Bellah et al., Habits of the Heart (New York: Harper and Row, 1985), p. 279.

34. Shlomo Maital, Minds, Markets, and Money (New York: Basic Books, 1982), p. 39.

35. Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991 (London: Michael Joseph, 1994), p. 3.

36. Robert L. Heilbroner, The Nature and Logic of Capitalism (New York: W. W. Norton, 1985), p. 109.

37. «The Future of Democracy,» and «Democracy and Technology,» The Economist, June 17, 1995, pp. 13, 21.

1. Paul Kennedy, Preparing for the Twenty-first Century (New York: Random House, 1992), p. 23.

2. «India's Long Multiplication,» The Economist, February 18, 1995, p. 73.

3. «Two Billion More Third World People Predicted by 2030,» Boston Globe, August 4, 1994, p. 4.

4. Paul Taylor, «AIDS Epidemic Casts Pall over Zimbabwe,» International Herald Tribune, March 13, 1995, p, 2,

5. Lester R. Brown, Hal Kane, and Ed Ayres, Vital Signs 1993 (New York: W. W. Norton/World Watch Institute, 1993), p. 106.

6. Barbara Crossette, «Severe Water Crisis Ahead for Poorest Nations in Next 2 Decades,» New York Times, August 10, 1995, p. A13.

7. Leslie Spencer, «Water: The West's Most Misallocated Resource,» Forbes, April 27, 1992, pp. 68-74.

8. «India's Long Multiplication,» The Economist, February 18, 1995, p. 73.

9. «Growing Population,» The Economist, May 20, 1995, p. 116.

10. Charles A. S. Hall et al., «The Environmental Consequences of Having a Baby in the United States,» Population and Environment, July 1994, p. 509.

11. Virginia D. Abernethy, Population Politics: The Choices That Shape Our Future (New York: Insight Books/Plenum Press, 1993), p. 37.

12. George J. Borjas, «The Economics of Immigration,» Journal ofEccnumic Literature, December 1994, pp. 1668, 1670.

13. The New Republic, January 20, 1995, p. 24.

14. StevenA. Holmes, «A Surge in Immigration Surprises Experts and Intensifies a Debate,» New York Times, August 30, 1995, p. 1.

15. Paul J. Smith, «East Asia's Immigration Crisis Demands Careful Choices,» International Herald Tribune, May 22, 1995, p. 8.

16. Hal Kane, «What's Driving Migrations?» World Watch, January /February 1995,

pp. 25, 26.

17. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical History of the U. S. (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1970), p. 105.

18. Vernon M. Briggs, Jr., «Immigration and the U. S. Labor Market: Public Policy Gone Awry,» Public Policy Brief, Jerome Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, 1994, p. 9.

19. Ben J. Wattenberg and Karl Zinsmeister, «The Case for More Immigration,» Commentary, April 1990, p. 19.

20. «Immigration: Tuscon or Bust,» The Economist, May 20, 1995, p. 59.

21. Scott Derk, ed., The Value of a Dollar (Detroit: Gale Research, 1994), pp. 52, 53.

22. Suzuki Hiromasa, «Problems with Foreign Workers,» Journal of Japanese Trade and Industry, November 2, 1994, p. 44.

23. Youssef M. Ibrahim, «Muslim Immigrants in Europe: A Population Apart,» International Herald Tribune, May 6, 1995, p. 1.

24. National Issues Forum, Admissions Decisions (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1995), p. 27; Borjas, «The Economics of Immigration,» pp. 1670, 1701.

25. Holmes, «A Surge in Immigration,» p. A15.

26. Harriet Orcutt Duleep, Sociai Security and the Emigration of Immigrants, ORS Working Paper No. 60, p. 10.

27. George J. Borjas, Immigration and Welfare 1970-1990, NBER Working Paper

No. 4872, September 1994. 28 Frederick Rose, "The Growing Backlash Against Immigration Includes Many

Myths," Wall Street Journal, April 16, 1995, p. 1.

29. Holmes, «A Surge in Immigration,» p. A15.

30. Borjas, Immigration and Welfare 1970-1990.

31. Ibid., p. 22.

32. John Ridding, «Disaffected Find a Home in the Front,» Financial Times, May 2, 1995, p. 2; William Drozdiak, «French Gear Up for 2nd Vote on Presidency,» Washington Post, April 25, 1995, p. A12.

33. Arsen J. Darney, ed., Statistical Record of Older Americans (Detroit: Gale Research, 1994), pp. 47, 48, 49, 64.

34. «Ageing Population Puts the Strain on Pensions,» European, October 28, 1994, p. 20.

35. Aline Sullivan, «Retiring Baby Boomers Dread the End of the Boom Times,» International Herald Tribune, March 11, 1995, p. 16.

36. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Statistical Abstract 2994 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office), p. 16; Keizi Koho Center, Japan 1995: An International Comparison, p. 9.

37. Advisory Council on Social Security, Future Financial Resources of the Elderly: A View of Pensions, Savings, Social Security, and Earnings in the 21st Century, December 1991, pp. 12, 13.

38. Ibid., p. 39.

39. Elizabeth Kolbert, «Who Will Face the Music?» New York Times Magazine, August 27, 1995, p. 57.

40. Financial Times, Editorial, December 19, 1994, p. 13.

41. «A Powerful Political Lobby,» Financial Times, March 28, 1995, p. viii. 42.Ibid.

43. Barry Bosworth, Prospects for Savings and Investment in Industrial Countries, Brookings Discussion Paper No. 113, May 1995, pp. 12, 14.

44. Office of Management and Budget, Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 1996, Historical Tables (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1995), p. 122.

45. Erik Ipsen, «Europe's Ailing Pensions,» International Herald Tribune, December 4, 1993, p. 1.

46. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Income, Poverty and Valuation of Noncash Benefits:1993. Current Population Reports, Consumer Income, Series P60-188 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office), pp. 41, 45.

47. Jean Michel Paul, «Belgium's Debt Crisis Is Europe's Too,» Wall Street Journal Europe, May 22, 1995, p. C9.

48. Bosworth, «Prospects for Savings and Investment,» p. 13.

49. Ibid.

50. Daniel B. Radner, The Wealth of the Aged and the Nonaged 1984, Social Security Administration, ORS Working Paper No. 36, 1988.

51. Edward N. Wolff, «Changing Inequality of Wealth,» American Economics Review, May 1992, p. 554.

52. Ann Reilly Dowd, «Needed: A New War on the Deficit,» Fortune, November 14,

1994. p. 191.

53. «The Budget Pain WH1 Come and the Young Will Suffer,» International Herald Tribune, February 18, 1995, p. 6.

54. «Health Spending,» The Economist, June 24, 1995, p. 98.

55. Richard W. Stevenson, «A Deficit Reigns in Sweden's Welfare State,» New York Times, February 2, 1995, p. 1.

56. «Stripping Down the Cycle,» The Economist, July 3, 1993, p. 61.

57. «House of Debt,» The Economist, April 1, 1995, p. 14.

58. «Public Sector Finances,» The Economist, July 8, 1995, p. 115.

59. Paul, «Belgium's Debt Crisis,» p. 8.

60. Newt Gingrich, Contract withAmerica (New York: Times Books, 1994), p. 115.

61. «French Finance Minister Resigns,» Boston Globe, August 26, 1995, p. 2.

62. Robert Pear, «Panel on a U. S. Benefits Overhaul Fails to Agree on Proposals,» New York Times, December 15, 1994, p. A24.

63. Taking Care of Granny," The Economist, June 3, 1995, p. 25.

64. Health and Wealth, special issue of Daedalus, Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Fall 1994.

65. John Fender, «Not Such a Safe Haven,».Financial Times, December 23, 1994, p. 15.

66. Sylvia Nasar, «Older Americans Cited in Studies of National Savings Rate Slump,» New York Times, February 21, 1995, p. 1.

67. Wallace C. Peterson, Silent Depression (New York: W. W. Norton, 1994), p. 149; David Popenoe, «The Family Condition of America,» in Values and Public Policy, ed. Henry J. Aaron, Thomas E. Mann and Timothy Taylor (Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution, 1994), p. 104.

68. Цит. по: Alan Riding, «Passions Ignited, French Students Protest Wage Policy Again,» New York Times, March 26, 1994, p. 3.

69. Dennis Kelly, «Seniors Much Less Likely to Back Local Education Bonds,» USA Today, June 30, 1993, p. 1.

70. William Celis, «Schools Reopen in Town That Made Them Close,» New York Times, September 2, 1993, p. A14; Isabel Wilkerson, Tiring of Cuts, District Plans to Close Schools," New York Times, March 21, 1993, p. 20.

71. Mancur Olson, The Rise and Decline of Nations (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1982), p. 8; Stephan P. Magee, William A. Brock, and Leslie Young, Black Hole Tariffs and Endogenous Policy Theory (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1989), p. xv.

72. U. S. Bureau of the Census, Money Income of Households, Families, and Persons in the United States, 1992, Current Population Reports, Series P60-184, pp. 148, 150.

73. John Eatwell, Murray Milgate, and Peter Newman, eds., The New Palgrave: Social Economics (New York: W. W. Norton, 1987), p. 10; «Statistisches Budesamt,» Sta-tistisches Jahrbuch 1994, Federal Republic of Germany, p. 82.

74. Michael V. Leonesio, The Economics of Retirement: A Nontechnical Guide, ORS Working Paper No. 66, Social Security Administration, April 1995, pp. 65, 66.

75. Leslie Wayne, «Pension Changes Raising Concerns,» New York Times, August 29, 1994, p. 1.

76. «Skimpy Savings,» Fortune, February 20, 1995, p. 38.

77. Ibid.

78. «Why Baby-Boomers Won't Be Able to Retire,» Fortune, September 4, 1995, p. 48.

79.Ibid.

80. Ibid.

81. The Economics of Aging," Business Week, September 12, 1994, p. 60.

82. Louis Uchitelle, «Retirement? Most Americans Have Grown to Fear It,» International Herald Tribune, March 27, 1995, p. 3.

83. Scott Lehigh, «Social Security,» Boston Globe, August 20, 1995, pp. 81, 82.

84. Dean R. Leimer, A Guide to Social Security Money's Worth Issues, ORS Working Paper No. 67, Social Security Administration, April 1995, p. 28.

85. Assar Lindbeck, Uncertainty Under the Welfare State, Seminar Paper No. 576, Institute for International Economic Studies at University of Stockholm, July 1994, p. 6.

86. Leimer, A Guide to Social Security Money's Worth Issues, p. 26.

87. Dowd, «Needed: A New War on the Deficit,» p. 191; Internal Revenue Service, «Form 1040A, 1994» (Washington, 0. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1993).

88. «Sweden: Judgement Day,» The Economist, February 18, 1995, p. 37.

89. The Enlightened Welfare Seeker's Guide to Europe," The Economist, March 12, 1994,

90. Assar Lmdbeck, Overshooting, Reform, and Retreat of the Welfare State, Institute for International Economic Studies at University of Stockholm, No. 499, 1994.

91. Barry P. Bosworth and Alice M. Rivlin, eds., The Swedish Economy (Washington, D. C.: Brookmgs Institution, 1987), pp. 199, 207.

92. «Sweden Shows Effects of Painful Cure,» Financial Times, November 8, 1993, p. 3.

93. Damon Darlin, «A New Flavor of Pork,» Forbes, June 5, 1995, p. 146.

94. «Expanded Medicaid Crowded Out Private Insurance,» The NBER Digest, 1994, p. 1.

95. Yair Aharone, The No Risk Society (New Jersey: Chatham House, 1981), pp. 48, 62.

1. Richard N. Cooper, Environmental and Resource Policies for the World Economy (Washington, D. C.: Brookings Institution, 1994), p. xi.

2. Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991 (London: Michael Joseph, 1994), p. 56.

3. Ibid., p. 72.

4. International Monetary Fund, International Financial Statistics, 1980 yearbook, Washington, D. C., pp. 62, 63; Financial Statistics, 1986 yearbook, pp. 70, 72; U. S. Department of Commerce, Survey of Current Business, Washington, D. C., 1989, 1992, p. 61.

5. J. Bradford De Long and Barry Eichengreen, The Marshall Plan: History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program, NBER Working Paper No. 3899, November 1991.

6. Tom Buerkle, «EU Heads Boldly into a High-Stakes Debate on Expanding Eastward,» International Herald Tribune, June 2, 1995, p. 1.

7. DRI/McGraw-НШ, Impact of the Peso Crisis, February 1995, p. 1.

8. Ibid., p. 6.

9. «Canada's Endangered Bacon,» Fortune, March 10, 1995, p. 75.

10. «Financial Indicators,» The Economist, February 25, 1995, p. 109.

11. «The Americas Drift Toward Free Trade,» The Economist, July 8, 1995, p. 45.

12. Noel Malcolm, «The Case Against 'Europe,'» Foreign Affairs, March/April 1995, p. 68.

13. «No Cannes Do,» The Economist, July 1, 1995, p. 23.

14. Tom Buerkle, «Seven European Nations Drop Border Controls,» International Herald Tribune, March 25, 1995, p. 1.

15. Malcolm, The Case Against 'Europe," pp. 54, 59.

16. World Bank, World Tables for 1994 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), p. 27, 29.

17. Michael Richardson, «APEC's Crisis of (No) Consensus,» International Herald Tribune, March 17, 1995, p. 17.

18. Steven Brull, «Waves in Pacific Trade: APEC Struggles to Tie Down Specifics,» International Herald Tribune, July 6, 1995, p. 11.

19. Kevin Murphy, «Building Blocs: A Rising Yen Challenges the Dollar,» International Herald Tribune, March 27, 1995, p. 11.

20. Commission of the European Communities, Towards a New Bretton Woods: Alternatives for the Global Economy, European University Institute, May 1993.

21. International Labor Organization, World Employment Report, Geneva, 1995, p. 35; Warwick J. McKibbin and Dominick Salvatore, The Global Economic Consequences of the Uruguay Round, Brookings Discussion Papers No. 110, February 1995, p. 3.

22. David Buchan, «GATT Deal May Enrich World by $270 Billion,» Financial Times, November 10, 1993, p. 7; McKibbin and Salvatore, The Global Economic Consequences of the Uruguay Round, p. 5.

23. Elmer Hankiss, «European Paradigms: East and West 1945-1994,» After Communism, What? special issue of Daedalus, Summer 1994, p. 115.

24. Philip R. Schlesinger, «Europe's Contradictory Communicative Space,» Europe Through a Glass Darkly, special issue of Daedalus, Spring 1994, p. 27.

25. «You're Not in Kansas Anymore,» The Economist, February 4, 1995, p. 57; Schlesinger, «Europe's Contradictory Communicative Space,» p. 33.

26. «La Regie du Jeu,» The Economist, March 18, 1995, p. 18.

27. Office of Technology Assessment, Afuttinariona/s and the U. S. Technoiogj/ Base (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 7.

28. David Shribman, «GATT: Vilifying the Inscrutable,» Boston Globe, July 22, 1994,

р.

З.

29. Zanny Minton-Beddoes, «Why the IMF Needs Reform,» Foreign Affairs, May/June 1995, p. 123.

1. Eric Hobsbawm, Age of Extremes: The Short Twentieth Century, 1914-1991 (London: Michael Joseph, 1994), pp. 258, 275.

2. J. Bradford De Long and Barry Eichengreen, The Marshall Plan: History's Most Successful Structural Adjustment Program, NBER Working Paper No. 3899, November 1991.

3. Richard Holt, The Reluctant Superpower (Tokyo: Kodansha International, 1995), p. 117.

4. De Long and Eichengreen, The Marshall Plan, p. 14; U. S. Bureau of the Census, Historical Statistics of the United States, Colonial Times to 1970, Vol. 1 (Washington, D. C.: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1975), p. 228.