Сопутствующим «энергии» словом является прилагательное «ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЙ». Кванты энергии, вложенные в определенные психические представления, названы «КАТЕКСИСАМИ», поэтому представления, с которыми сцеплена энергия, описываются как «катектированные», а те, из которых она забирается, – «декатектированными».
Проблема, беспокоившая психоанализ, – это выяснение того, используют ли различные ИНСТИНКТЫ и СТРУКТУРЫ разные виды энергии. Когда Фрейд придерживался точки зрения о существовании двух групп инстинктов – сексуальных (см. СЕКС) и ЭГО-ИНСТИНКТОВ, – он считал ЛИБИДО энергией сексуальных инстинктов; но он так и не пришел к определенному мнению о том, используют ли инстинкты Эго также энергию либидо или какой-то другой род энергии. Аналогично, когда он решил, что двумя группами инстинктов являются ИНСТИНКТЫ ЖИЗНИ и СМЕРТИ, он стал считать, что либидо – это энергия инстинктов жизни, но не придумал термина для энергии инстинкта смерти. Согласно ЭГО-ПСИХОЛОГАМ, в ИД вложена сексуальная и агрессивная энергии и, тогда как Эго использует заимствованную у Ид энергию, которая была ДЕСЕКСУАЛИЗИРОВАНА и ДЕАГРЕССИФИЦИРОВАНА.
б) его роль состояла в координации элементов, составляющих Вселенную.
Именно он «вносит гармонию в хаос и дает жизни возможность развиваться. Это примитивное божество, полуабстрактная персонификация космической силы…» – Larousse Encyclopedia of Mythology.
а) возможностью того, что этология обеспечит психоанализ теорией ИНСТИНКТОВ, базирующейся на наблюдениях за животными;
б) возможностью, что некоторые из ее приемов окажутся применимыми в изучении младенцев и детей, что позволит проверить психоаналитические гипотезы о РАЗВИТИИ младенцев прямым наблюдением.
Психоаналитические авторы, такие как Spitz (1959), которые больше опираются на прямые наблюдения за младенцами, чем на терапевтическую работу, возможно, относятся скорее к этологам, изучающим человека, чем к психоаналитикам. Относительно точек пересечения психоанализа и этологии см. Lorenz On Aggression (1966).
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